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AUSTRALIA, the world’s smallest continental landmass, is a vast and sparsely populated country in the southern hemisphere, whose head of state is the British Sovereign. It consists of seven self-governing states: New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia. The capital, Canberra, is situated in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).
ARUBA is one of the islands in the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean Sea, and it has been a self-governing Dutch territory since 1986. The island rises to 189 meters or 620 feet at Jamanota in the southeast of the island.
ARMENIA is the smallest republic of the former USSR and part of Armenia’s former kingdom divided between Turkey, Iran, and the former USSR. It declared independence from the USSR in 1991. It is a mountainous country dominated by the rugged peaks of the Southern Caucasus Mountains, with high plateaux and steep-sided valleys interspersed with numerous lakes. Many of the peaks are over 3,000 meters or 9,900 feet, and Lake Sevan is the largest lake. Lowland areas occur mainly in the river valleys and on the Ararat Plain in the west. Mount Ararat, now in eastern Turkey, has traditionally been essential to the people of Armenia.
ARGENTINA, the world’s eighth-largest country, stretches from the Tropic of Capricorn to Cape Horn on the southern tip of the South American continent. It is 3,331 kilometers or 2,070 miles long and nowhere exceeds 1,384 kilometers or 860 miles in width, and it also includes the eastern part of Tierra del Fuego.
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA is a tiny state comprising three islands – Antigua, Barbuda, and Redonda, an uninhabited rocky islet located on the eastern side of the Leeward Islands.
ANGUILLA is a British Overseas Territory. It was formerly part of St Kitts and Nevis and became a British dependency in 1980. The country’s main source of revenue is tourism and lobsters account for half of the island’s exports.
ANDORRA is a tiny state situated high in the eastern Pyrenees between France and Spain. The state consists of deep valleys and high mountain peaks, which reach heights of 3,000 meters or 9,843 feet. However, only 20 kilometers or 12 miles wide and 30 kilometers or 19 miles long, the country’s spectacular scenery and the climate attract many tourists.
AMERICAN SAMOA is an „unincorporated” territory of the USA. It lies close to Western Samoa in the Pacific Ocean and comprises five main volcanic islands and two coral atolls.
ALGERIA is a large country in northern Africa with a Mediterranean Sea coastline in the north. The Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria is the second-largest country in Africa. However, over four-fifths of its total area is covered by the vast expanse of the Sahara Desert. The most fertile area is a narrow coastal plain, the Tell, containing most of the country’s cultivatable land and its people’s greatest concentration. Behind the plain lies the High Plateaux’s hills and mountains, Atlas Mountains (Tell Atlas), and the Saharan Atlas Mountains. Beyond these lies, the vast expanse of the Sahara Desert, interrupted in the southeast by the dramatic massif of the Hoggar and Tassil-n-Ajer Mountains, reached a height of 3,003 meters or 9,852 feet. The Chelif, at 724 kilometers or 450 miles long, is the country’s main river, rising in the Tell Atlas and flowing to the Mediterranean.