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The Black-Earth Belt, rich in mollisol soils, spans Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Kazakhstan, serving as a global agricultural powerhouse. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
Central Asia, encompassing five republics, is a region of rich history, cultural diversity, and strategic importance, bridging East and West. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional organization of former Soviet republics, promoting cooperation in trade, security, and culture. Its influence varies as member states prioritize their sovereignty and geopolitical interests. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was created in 1991 to coordinate relations among former Soviet republics and manage the USSR’s dissolution. While its influence has declined, it remains a platform for regional cooperation. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) is a military alliance established in 2002 to ensure regional stability and collective defense among its members, including Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) fosters trade, connectivity, and cultural exchange among 10 member states in a strategically vital region. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The EAEC united six nations and three observers across 20 million square kilometers, fostering economic ties before evolving into the EAEU by 2014. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The EAPC unites 50 nations across 30 million square kilometers, fostering security and dialogue from NATO’s core to Central Asia. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The EBRD, launched in 1990, drives market economies across 15M sq km, blending privatization with green growth in 38 nations. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The EITI, launched in 2002, drives transparency in extractive industries across 50+ nations, uniting stakeholders to ensure resources benefit all. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The FSU, 15 nations from the USSR’s 22.4M sq km, span 4,000 km with 300M people, blending Soviet past and present. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
Former USSR/EE, 27 nations across 23.6M sq km, transition from Soviet past to varied futures in a global hierarchy. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
Location: Central Asia Official name: Republic of Kazakhstan Formation (date of independence / date current borders were established): 1991 / 1991 Capital city: Astana Population: 15.8 million / 15 people per sq mile (6 people per sq km) Total land area: 1,049,150 square miles (2,717,300 square km) Language(s) spoken: Kazakh (official language), Russian, Ukrainian, German, …
Russia’s name for the now-independent former republics, other than Russia, of the USSR.
(New lands) Steppe areas of Kazakhstan and Siberia brought into grain production in the 1950s.