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The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) promotes economic and social growth across 21 Arab states through project financing and technical assistance. Established in 1968, it supports regional integration and sustainability. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The Euphrates River, a 2,800-km lifeline, shaped ancient Mesopotamia and sustains millions amid modern challenges. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The EITI, launched in 2002, drives transparency in extractive industries across 50+ nations, uniting stakeholders to ensure resources benefit all. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The Fertile Crescent, a 500,000-sq-km arc from Iraq to Jordan, launched agriculture 10,000 years ago, shaping civilization. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The Group of 77 (G-77), formed in 1964, unites developing countries to promote economic cooperation, equitable trade, and collective negotiation in global forums. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The Gulf War (1990–1991) saw a U.S.-led coalition expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait after Saddam Hussein’s invasion. Earlier, “Gulf War” referred to the Iran–Iraq War. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
Location: Southwest Asia Official name: Republic of Iraq Formation (date of independence / date current borders were established): 1932 / 1990 Capital city: Baghdad Population: 31.5 million / 187 people per sq mile (72 people per sq km) Total land area: 168,753 square miles (437,072 square km) Language(s) spoken: Arabic (official language), Kurdish (official language), …
The organization of petroleum exporting countries was established in 1960 by some oil-producing nations to coordinate policies on selling petroleum products.
The branch of Islam regarding successorship to the Prophet Muhammad is a matter of consensus among religious elders.