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Deserts are arid regions receiving less than 10 inches (25 cm) of annual rainfall, supporting unique ecosystems and adaptations despite harsh conditions. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
Drought avoidance includes strategies like migration and water storage that help desert plants and animals survive dry conditions. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
Fossil water, ancient aquifers under 10M sq km of deserts, sustains 300M in the Middle East and North Africa. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
A climate that occupies an intermediate location between a marine west coast climate on the poleward side and a steppe or desert climate on the equatorward side.