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Cultural diffusion drives change by spreading ideas, technologies, and traditions across regions, shaping societies throughout history and in the modern era. For a detailed description, click on the article title.
The artificial placement of water to produce crops, generally in arid locations.
A process by which poor subsistence farmers are pushed onto fragile, inferior, or marginal lands that cannot support crops for long and that is degraded by cultivation.
The single-species cultivation of food or tree crops, usually very economical and productive but threatening to natural diversity and change.
Farming patterns in which several crops are raised on the same plot of land in the course of a year or even a season.
The year-round irrigated cultivation of crops, as in the Nile Valley, following the construction of barrages and dams.
A large farm using hired workers to grow and harvest one main crop, such as coffee, sugarcane, rubber, or cotton.
A Latin American climatic zone reaching from sea level upward to approximately 3,000 feet (914 m).